My Birthday

Thankful for best of my friend "sarok" for this outstanding video. I felt soooooo... special ^_^ 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPr77XnTSOk

 

And also for my beloved friend Oncu (Fita), great birthday card.. :*

 Then.. Amak (Dila) gave me a great thing, which is wrote on her hand. WOW! :)

Also... Emim which was post a birthday card on my FB wall..

And many more.. 

I glad to say thanks for who post on my FB wall, my Instagram, my Twitter, my Path, BBM.. and special thanks to Sarok and Jogu which called me on midnight. Thankful for all the the wishes. I felt so sorry for you, cause I cannot reply one by one. But, if you text me without using social media, I will replied it directly. :) It cause of some problem such as; have no internet data at that time, I had trying at that time by using tethering from my sister. Unfortunately, it didn't really work, the signal is always Edge in my rent-house. :( T_T

 

 

 

 

My Awesome Research

The Comparison Between Lintau Buo Dialect and

Lintau Buo Utara Dialect

(This paper is submitted as final projet of  Socilinguistic)

 

By:

FOTJI FAZERAH SHATILLA

15744-2010

Lecturer:

Drs. Mukhayar

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS

PADANG STATE UNIVERSITY

2013

CHAPTER I

    INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background of the problem

As zoon politicon, human will do social interaction in their daily life. Chaer (1994: 83) stated that if two people are meeting, there is a social interaction. Indonesia is a country that has rich language region. That is why Indonesian society is bilingual which has two languages. According to Soekanto (2002:61), there are Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian language) and Bahasa Daerah (Region Language). Bahasa daerah is used in one ethnic in one region. This language is aim as interaction language to communicate between the members of its ethnic.

One of Indonesian island that has many language regions is Sumatra Island. This island consists of several provinces, and writer will discuss about the West Sumatra. The province of West Sumatra is using Bahasa Minang (Minangkabau Language) as the first language. Minangkabau language is function as a tool in Minangkabau cultural extending. Eventhough, people in the west Sumatra use Minangkabau Language to communicate, there is distinguishing dialect in each sub district especially in Lintau.

Lintau is the famous sub district in Tanah Datar regency. This sub district has different dialect, especially the differences two dialect between Lintau Buo Utara and Lintau Buo. So, both of these dialect (Lintau Buo Utara and Lintau Buo) have some differences.

I.2 Identification of the Problem

Related to what has been discussed in the background above, the problems are identified as follows:

1.      Look at the two dialect thoroughly

2.      Check the common word

3.      Check the same words in the two dialects

4.      Check the different words in the two dialects

5.      Pay attention to the accent/pronunciation/intonation

I.2 Limitation of the Problem

This research would be limited on what is the comparison between Lintau Buo dialect and Lintau Buo Utara dialect and also the reasons why it is occur.

I.3 Formulating of the problem

The research problems are formulated as follows what is the comparison between Lintau Buo dialect and Lintau Buo Utara dialect and also the reasons why it is occur.

I.4 The Purpose of the Research

The purpose of this research is to identify is the comparison between Lintau Buo dialect and Lintau Buo Utara dialect and also the reasons why it is occur.

I.5 Significances of the Research

The significances of this research are:

1.      Theoretically the finding of the research will contribute to sociolinguistic theory.

2.      Practically the finding of the research will inform what are the comparison between Lintau Buo dialect and Lintau Buo Utara dialect and also the reasons why it is occur.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED THEORIES

II.1 Dialect

Dialect is a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group (www.oxforddictionaries.com). It can be said that any variety of a language characterized by systematic differences in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary from other varieties of the same language is called a dialect.  Everyone has small difference between the way they talk and the way even their family and best friends talk, creating a minimal dialect a dialect is the collection of attributes (phonetic, phonological, syntactic, morphological, semantic) that make one group of speakers noticeably different from another group of speakers of the same language.

Dialect is created through a long process of its users. More importantly, in this case especially, it is not created due to the differences of social status but just regional distance. No reason to look down to any of these two dialects. For example in the country of Indonesia, these consist of differences dialect in each region. So, different region has different dialect.

II. 2 Lintau Language

Lintau Language is one of the other languages that have special dialect.. Lintau are divided into two, there are Lintau Buo and Lintau Buo Utara. Both of these are have some differences dialect. Most of Lintau language replaces the letter “R” in Minang language becomes  غ (gh)“randah”  (low) changes into “ghonda” and also the “A” vocal after the first letter changes into “O” vocal (eg. “Lalok”(sleep) is becoming “Lolok”). The difference is caused by the place of Lintau sub district are separated by the reion of Payakumbuh and Sawahlunto (Talawi). These regions affect the dialect in Lintau.

Lintau language also seems like combine two dialect of Payakumbuh and Pariaman. For example, Payakumbuh use the word “bareh” as same as in Lintau that changes into “boghe”. As a fact, writer is still easy to find the original of Pariaman language which is used by their people in their daily conversation, especially for the pronunciation of r letter. They replace r later become gh too, such as in Minang Language bareh changed into bagheh, but in lintau changes into boghe.

 So, writer conclude that Lintau language is unique eventhough a liitle bit difference than the others such as in in replace  “r” letter to “gh”. In other cases Lintau language is also different with Payakumbuh dialect of intonation. It caused of Lintau dialect more flat than Payakumbuh dialect. In short, different area has different dialect.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A.    Research design

This research will use descriptive research because it involves gathering answers to question concerning certain status of the subject of the study. According to Gay (1987:60) descriptive research involves collecting data in order to test hypothesis or to answer question concerning the current status of the subject under the study. In this case this research is compare two dialects between Lintau Buo and Lintau Buo Utara.

B.     Population and Samples

A population is a collection of data whose properties are analyzed. The population is the complete collection to be studied; it contains all subjects of interest. The population in this research is Lintau people who have been staying in Lintau.

C.    Technique of Collecting Data

The researcher used interviewing to collect the data.

CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION

The examples of some words below have been arranged in the term of their class: nouns, verbs, adjectives and modifiers. Its easier to compare the differences between two dialect.

English	Indonesian	Lintau Buo	Lintau Buo Utara
Noun Water Gruel Pig Monkey Dog Mouse Cat Horse Mushroom Jackfruit Papaya Orange Coconut Pithecolobium Rice Egg Powder Cake Room Bowl Cupboard Chair Table Mat Window Door Kitchen Car Money Wall Tree Clothes Trouser Market Book Pen Pencil Roof Uncle Aunt Street Plate Glass Wok Pan Broom Sandals Mother Father Grandmother Grandfather Verb Sleep Stand Run Wash Cry Laugh Cut Abuse Spy Read Talk Strike Bring Buy Change Sell Swim Eat Drink Study Listen See Feel Leave Move Refuse Accompany Regret Give up Kill Deliver Fishing Wake Lie Love Hate Against Support Steal Climb Call Shout Adjective Good Bad Beautiful Handsome Arrogant Smart Stupid Long Short Wide Small Big Dark Light Fat Hot Damp High Low Important Angry Delicious Sweet Bitter Sour Crazy Weird True Wrong Soft Rough Calm Fussy Bad Naughty Hard Soft Deep Shallow Narrow Angry Sad Bored Thin Slow Happy Tired Wet Dry Hurry Slow Difficult Easy Adverb Later Yesterday Tomorrow Just now Now Wait In front of The day after Behind Up Down Left Right Well Hurry Here There There Come here Often Always Rare What How much How Where Where Who Why When Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday One Two Three Four Five A hundred	Kata Benda Air Bubur Babi Monyet Anjing Tikus Kucing Kuda Jamur Nangka Papaya Jeruk Kelapa Jengkol Beras Telur Tepung Kue Kamar Mangkok Lemari Kursi Meja Tikar Jendela Pintu Dapur Mobil Uang Dinding Pohon Baju Celana Pasar Buku Pena Pensil Atap Paman Bibi Jalan raya Piring Gelas Kuali Periuk Sapu Sandal Ibu Ayah Nenek Kakek Kata Kerja Tidur Berdiri Berlari Mencuci Menangis Tertawa Memotong Mencaci Mengintip Membaca Bicara Memukul Membawa Membeli Menukar Menjual Berenang Makan Minum Belajar Mendengar Melihat Merasakan Meninggalkan Memindahkan Menolak Mengantar Menyesal Menyerah Membunuh Melahirkan Memancing Bangun Membual Menyayangi Membenci Melawan Mendukung Mencuri Memanjat Memanggil Berteriak Kata Sifat Baik Buruk Cantik Tampan Sombong Pintar Bodoh Panjang Pendek Luas Kecil Besar Gelap Terang Gemuk Panas Lembab Tinggi Rendah Penting Marah Enak Manis Pahit Asam Gila Aneh Benar Salah Lembut Kasar Pendiam Cerewet Jahat Nakal Keras Lunak Dalam Dangkal Sempit Marah Sedih Bosan Kurus Lamban Senang Lelah Basah Kering Cepat Lambat Susah Mudah Kata Keterangan Nanti Kemarin Besok Tadi Sekarang Sebentar Depan Lusa Belakang Atas Bawah Kiri Kanan Baik-baik cepat-cepat Di sini Di sana Ke sana Ke sini Sering Selalu Jarang Apa Berapa Bagaimana Dimana Kemana Siapa Mengapa Kapan Hari Senin Selasa Rabu Kamis Jum’at Sabtu Minggu Satu Dua Tiga Empat Lima Seratus	Ayigh Bubu Kondiak Bowuak Anjiang Moncik Kuciang Kudo Cindawan Cibodak Stukegh Limou Kambigh Joghiang Boghe Tolu Topuang Kue Biliak Cambuang Lemaghi Kursi Meja Lapiek Jandela Pintu Dapu Oto Pitih Dindiang Batang Baju Sarawa Balai Buku Pena Pensil Atok Pak dang Etek Lobua Pinggan Galeh Kuali Piwuak Sapu Tarompa Ama apa Uwo Ayek Lolok Togak Balaghi Manyosa Manangih Tagolak Mangoghek Mancacek Mancigok Mambaco Mangecek Manokok Mambok Mamboli Manuka Manjuegh Baghonang Makan Minum Baajegh Mandongegh Mancoliak Maghasoan Maninggen Mamindahan Manolak Maanten Manyonsegh Manyorah Mambunuah Malahien Manganyigh Jago Baduto Manyayangi Manjojok Malawan Mandukuang Mencilok Manjek Mimbou Mamokiak Elok Buwuak Ancak Gagah Sombong Codiak Bongak, Engak Panjang Pendek Loweh Ketek, Ketuk Godang, Bosegh Kolam, golok Toghang Gapuok Angek Lombok Tinggi Ghondah Pontiang Bongi Lomak Manih Paik Asam Gilo Aneh Bonegh Salah Lombuik Kasegh Paanok Nyinyigh Jaek Madegh, Tongkegh Koghe Lunak Dalam Dengkek Sompik Bongi Sodiah Bosan Kuwi Lekak Sonang Lotieh, litak Biak Koghiang Copek Lambek Payah Mugha Bekko Potang Bisuak Tadi Kini Sabontegh Muko Bisuak ciek lai Balakang Ateh Bawah Kidegh Kanan Elok-elok Copek-copek Di siko Di situ Kakien Kinyak Kodok Towi Jaghang Apo Baapo Bakpo Dimano Kamano Siapo Mangapo Bilo Aghi Noyen Lasa Baa Komi Jumak Sotu Okok Ciek Duo Tigo Ompek Limo Saghatuih	Ayiu Bubua Kondiak Bowuak Anjiang Moncik Kuciang Kudo Cendawan Cubodak Kaliki Limou Kambiw Joyiang Boghe Tolu Topuang Kue Biliek Cambuang Lomaghi Kurisi Meja Lapiek Tingkok Pintu Dapu Oto Pitih Dindiang Tang Kayu Baju Sowegh Balai Buku Pena Pituluk Atok Pak odang Etek Lobua Pinggan Galeh Kuali Piwuak Sapu Tompa Amak Apak Enek Atuak Lolok Togak Balaghi Manyosa Manangih Tagolak Mangoghek Mancacek Mancibuak Mambaco Mangecek Manokok Mambo Mamboli Manuka Manjua Bonang Makan Minun Baaja Mandonga Mancoliak Maghosoan Maninggan Mamindahan Manolak Maontan Manyosa Manyorah Mambunuh Malahien Manganyigh Jago Baduto Manyayangi Manjojok Malawan Mandukuang Mancilok Manjek Mimbou Mamokiek Elok Buwuok Gadih Cogah Sombong Codiak Binguang, Engge Ponjang Pendek Loweh Ketek, Kenuk Godang, Bosaw Kolam, golok Toghang Gopuok Angek Lombok Tinggi Onda Pontiang Bongi Lomak Manih Paik Osam Gilo Aneh Bona Salah Lombuik Kasew Paonok Nyinyiw Jaek Moda, Tongka Koreh Lunak Dolam Dengkek Sompik Bongi Sodieh Bosan Kuwi Lekak Sonang Lotieh, litak Biak Koiang Copek Lambek Payah Mugha Bekko Potang Bisuak Gako Kini Sabontow Muko Bisuak ciek lai Balakang Ateh Bawah Kida Suok Elok-elok Copek-copek Di siko Di situ Keken Kiko Kodok Towi Joghang A Begha Baa Dima, Diano Kama, Kano Sia Menga Bilo Ai Noyen Lasa Baa Komi Jumak Sotu Okok Ciek Duo Tigo Ompek Limo Satui

2.The common words

The common words like “indak” changes into “idak” and “-nyo” changes into “e” . But writer conclude that there are at least two other common words used in Minangkabau language. They are:

·         Do in “dakdo do” that means no.In lintau buo people will say ndak do.In lintau buo utara people say “dakdo de”.

·         Inyo means him/her. It changes into two there are “e” and “nye”. For example:

LintauBuo                   : Bakpo kecek e tadi? (What did he said just know?)

LintauBuo Utara         : Baa kecek e gako? (What did he said just know?)

The example by using “nye” :

Kami baduo jo poi kasitunye (Only both of us that went there)

Moghang e nye (Whatever he did)

From the example there are some common words that is used so often and intensively in Minangkabau language are used differently by two dialects discuss.

3.The same words in the two dialects

In the two dialects, some words are just the same, for example:

English	Indonesian	Lintau Buo	Lintau Buo Utara
When Tomorrow Yesterday Table One Two Three I You (man)	Bila Besok Kemarin Meja Satu Dua Tiga Saya Kamu (laki-laki)	Bilo Bisuak Potang Meja Ciek  Duo Tigo Awak Ambo Den (rude) Awak Waang (rude)	Bilo Bisuak Potang Meja Ciek Duo Tigo Awak Ambo Den (rude) Awak Waang (rude)

In fact, those several words are not different in the two different dialects. More importantly, those words are from every class of the words. So each classes has the representative in the group of words that is used the same way in both dialect of dialect.

4.The different words in the two dialects

In the two dialects, some words are different, for example:

English	Indonesian	Lintau Buo	Lintau Buo Utara
What How much How Where Where Who Why Day Throat Papaya You (woman)	Apa Berapa Bagaimana Dimana Kemana Siapa Mengapa Hari Leher Pepaya Kamu (pr)	Apo Baapo Bakpo Dimano Kamano Siapo Mangapo Aghi Lihigh Stukegh Ow	A Begha Baa Dima, Diano Kama, Kano Sia Menga Ai Petoliyigh Kaliki Ka

For the rude addressing someone, Lintau Buo Utara people using “Ka” and LintauBuo using “ow” that means you. People who use this word usually only in outlying area which is really far from urban and also elder people.

For example:

Lintau Buo                  : Ow anak siapo? (Who is your parent?)

Lintau Buo Utara        : ka anak sia? (Who is your parent?)

5. Pronunciation and intonation comparison

In the matter of pronunciation they have no significant differences. However, in Lintau Buo Utara people speaks faster than people in Lintau Buo Utara. Also in intonation case, there is differences in Lintau Buo Utara use more high voice in the way producing language, but in Lintau Buo more soft in producing voice and sometimes use a flat intonation.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

Based on the observation, there are some differences of the dialect in Lintau. in gender factor between boys and girls in using address terms or pronouns to others. The differences and similarities that occur in two dialects can be caused by several things like regional distance and social status. Lintau Buo and Lintau Buo Utara area is actually not so far away in distance, but the differences are obvious. The differences can find where someone comes from is just by listening to the way they speak.

 In this discussion, lintau Buo people in  use address term ow to call a woman. Moreover, this address term is using by elder people to the younger and also to the same ages (rude address term). In contrast, people in Lintau Buo Utara using ka in addres term to call a woman. Also, it can be included in a “rude” language. In conclusion, calling ow or ka to someone can impact to the politeness of that person. It will be more polite and better if people completely remove those terms in a conversation.

The kind of difference is much more complicated and it will make a new speaker of the dialect find it difficult to remember. So, it is just not fair if some people from certain place think that their dialect is better that others.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brown, P & Levinson S. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use.     Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fasold, Ralph.1984. The Sociolinguistics of Society. England: Basil Blackwell Publisher.

Hudson. R.A. 1980. Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge

Kridalaksana, Harimurti. 1985. Fungsi Bahasa dan Sikap Bahasa. Flores: Nusa Indah.

Nababan, P.W.J. (1993) Sosiolinguistik: suatu pengantar/P.W.J. Nababan. Jakarta Gramedia Pustaka Utama 1993.

Wardhaugh, Ronald. (2006). An Introduction to Sociolinguistic. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing

http://kamus.lintau.info/

https://twitter.com/InfoLintau

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buo,_Lintau_Buo,_Tanah_Datar

http://lpmmarapalam.wordpress.com/minangkabau-youth-camp/

http://lintaubuoutara.tanahdatar.go.id

http://lintaubuo.tanahdatar.go.id

http://buo.lintau.info

http://forum.lintau.info